Audio Partners: A Case Study

This project is based on the Audio Partners Master Document provided by Colorado State University Global, and was completed throughout my MBA program.

Assignments submitted by section between September 2022 and May 2024.

Marketing Strategy

Goals for Audio Partners

Focus

Audio Partners strives to change the hearing aid industry by incorporating cutting-edge technology that provides impressive benefits and is currently unavailable in the marketplace. The features that set Audio Partners aside from the competition are using “smart-dust technology, ultrasonic energy, and AI to allow the device to be self-tuning. These features provide impressive benefits, including the unobtrusive and fashionable design they are after, increased convenience of neither having to charge nor replace batteries and eliminating the need for endless visits to an audiologist (Colorado State University Global, n.d.).

Audio Partners is motivated to create a product unlike all others through cutting-edge technology to help with hearing loss in a fashionable, discrete, convenient, and easy-to-use device to maintain your current lifestyle (Colorado State Global, n.d.). Audio Partners strives to offer the best features, with the best convenience, at the best price compared to our competitors.

Benchmarks

As Audio Partners is in the startup phase, it will not be difficult to notice the growth and if strategies are working, and if the product is being accepted into the marketplace by consumers.Due to the nature of being a startup, any traction made is good traction, as “The main reason for this incredible scalability is that the fastest growing startups utilize exponential rather than linear growth.” (Riani, 2021). There are many different metrics by which Audio Partners can track the effectiveness of different marketing strategies, such as cost per conversion, impressions, conversion rate, revenues, and more.

Strategy

Audio Partners’ overall brand strategy should be a competitive positioning strategy. This strategy would allow Audio Partners to showcase how their product outshines competitors such as Oticon and others (Bhasin, 2020). Brand positioning is important because you want your company's values to resonate with consumers, a statement that shows who the company is and how they are different from every other company in the marketplace (Patel, 2021).

target demographics

When developing a product, it is vital to have a solid customer profile and a deep understanding of a consumer’s buying process.

A customer profile is essential before developing an overall comprehensive marketing strategy. While Audio Partners wants to initially target American women 45 years old or older (Colorado State University Global, n.d.), they are missing out on a massive market. Medline Plus says, “In most cases, the hearing loss affects both ears. It can begin as early as a person’s thirties or forties and worsens gradually over time.” (2017).

While age and gender are critical in a customer’s decision, it also consists of preferences, beliefs, economic status, and more (Colorado State University Global, n.d.).

The ideal customer will use Audio Partners’ products and, most likely, a first-time hearing aid purchaser or someone looking to update their current technology. Audio Partners should want these customers to be first-hand ambassadors to others on how wearables changed their quality of life as opposed to traditional hearing aid options.

The initial target demographic will be American women 45 years or older, ideally expanding into other demographics. These customers will most likely be working professionals4that don’t want the social stigma attached to hearing loss (Colorado State University Global, n.d.).

Due to the provided information in the Audio Partners Master Document regarding target characteristics, we have a lot of information about their ideal initial consumer. On page 7, it is stated, “Our initial product offering will be a line of wearables—earrings—designed to appeal to American women 45 years or older, who have hearing loss.” (Colorado State University Global, n.d.). Some of the target characteristics of American women 45 years or older that we can look at include: income, values, interests, lifestyle, and location.

Income

Page 12 states that half of the 37 million Americans over the age of 50 having mild to moderate hearing loss, and about half of those have annual incomes above the median household national average (Colorado State University Global, n.d.).

Values

Page 12 talks about how the social stigma associated with hearing loss impacts a person’s decision not to pursue hearing devices (Colorado State University Global, n.d.). This insight leads me to believe these consumers value their appearance to family, friends, and the public.

Interests

As mentioned by Kermit on page 24, it is essential to do better at targeting those who are not reluctant in the marketplace than those who are suffering that remains reluctant. Another reason is that the current market is inaccessible or trick to access as opposed to easy access viaAudio Partners (Colorado State University Global, n.d.).

Product Usage

Based on the target interests of Audio Partner’s consumers, many are not currently using a hearing device or are hoping to find something more in tune with their lifestyle.

Lifestyle

On page 22, we learn that most sufferers over 45 have a fashion preference and a proclivity to luxury spending (Colorado State University Global, n.d.); this also reinforces the idea of appearance being a solid value.

Location

The location Audio Partners’ initial target should be the United States, as all the demographics they mention are about Americans and are American statistics (Colorado StateUniversity Global, n.d.).

Value proposition

Product

Top 3 Features

Top 3 Benefits

The device is smaller than a grain of salt using “smart-dust” technology.

This feature allows for a discreet and fashionable device for the consumer while creating a product that is easy to use.

The device utilizes ultrasonic energy meaning the device requires no charging.

This feature provides increased convenience due to not having to charge the device or replace batteries.

The device is self-tuning.

Due to this feature, the device is less expensive as there is no need for endless visits to an audiologist.

Consumer

An Audio Partners customer needs to be someone struggling with hearing loss who wantsto blend in and not stand out, but most importantly, wants to continue living life and not beisolated because of hearing loss, as they fear aging, being stereotyped, and labeled because oftheir hearing loss situation.

Company Overall

Audio Partners is a company that has developed a product line of wearable hearing solutions targeted towards American women 45 years and older. The  primary competitor in the marketplace is the Oticon Own.

Audio Partners Wearable

Oticon Own

Discreet
Discreet
Self-tuning
Self-tuning
Compact
Compact
Bluetooth Capability
Bluetooth Capability
No Battery
No Battery

Tactics

Tactics are necessary when establishing a marketing strategy and typically include the 4Ps. The 4 Ps are product, price, placement, and promotion. However, the tactics I will focus on for Audio Partners are product, price, placement, and branding.

Product

Products exist to solve needs and make life more convenient for consumers (Leonard,2018). A product tends to make life easier and more convenient for the consumer. Audio Partners is looking to change the hearing loss solution industry and the people’s lives who are affected by hearing loss. Customer lives will be changed through Audio Partner’s products—a line of wearable hearing solutions.

Price

Price is a significant factor in consumer behavior due to the nature of money. Some businesses want to achieve the lowest price possible for a customer, whereas others use price as a luxury component or for brand image (Leonard, 2018); either way can create extreme demand for a product, as Hermès accomplished with the Birkin. Audio Partners should strategize their prices to fit the market. I believe due to the technology involved and the benefits of the device, consumers would be more willing to pay a premium price.

Placement

Placement of the product and where it will be (Leonard, 2018), Audio Partners will want to operate in a hybrid structure, being sold online first and expanding to storefronts like Warby Parker, which would maximize the reach of the market. By knowing where orders are placed, storefronts are more easily established.

Audio Partner’s product would be placed across the internet and, through our innovative strategies, be placed within fashion shows for major fashion houses through strategic partnerships.

Brand

Brand appeal is an important topic to understand because a company wants to attract customers and drawn-in customers to find a sense of being within a brand. The key drivers of appeal are a clean look that highlights the benefits of wearables through text—which comes back to being convenient, discrete, and easy to use. Audio Partners would show this ad on any more print-based social media platform than a video format. These options would include brands suchas Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter and would ideally be the first campaign to raise brand awareness for Audio Partners. These platforms will help promote success because it sets the tone for the Audio Partners’ brand; clean, simple, and chic.

Implementation

Organization

Website Redesign/Development

Despite being a new company, it is vital to maintain a good website that remains cohesive with the overall branding of the company visually. It is also essential to support SEO initiatives.The website may be beautiful, but if the Google algorithm struggles to read it, it will not appear organically. Depending on how you do the redesign, it will cost between $1,000 and $5,000 on average (UpTop Team, 2022). However, with a website redesign, the costs vary significantly due to the extensivity of the website. For the web redesign, we will assume this is an in-house task to save money as opposed to using an agency that may charge starting at $25,000 up to over$100,000 (UpTop Team, 2022). I estimate this activity will need a budget of about $10,000,including labor and potentially outsourcing some of the work to save time with in-house resources.

Search Engine Marketing – SEM

Search engine marketing is a highly effective and efficient marketing strategy, specifically Google Ads. If Audio Partners begins utilizing Google Ads, the company will see an uptick in the budget despite the cost of using Google Ads for paid search heavily depending on each ad’s varying keywords and parameters while considering the budget.

A company can develop unique landing pages through search engine marketing that potential customers will visit. These landing pages can exist as individual entities as a driver to convert customers. Unbounce is a great tool for landing pages, with costs starting at just $81 per month (Unbounce, 2022).

While it takes time to figure out a reasonable SEM budget, it is good to recognize you can set it at a defined maximum and adjust as time goes on. It is natural for the budget to increase overtime because “On average, SMBs (small-to-midsized businesses) spend $9,000 to $10,000 per month on SEM…” (WebFX, 2022), but a reasonable budget to begin with could be $1,000 a month plus the cost of a landing page server, which puts Audio Partners’ SEM budget at $1,081 per month.

Billboard

Although in modern days, this strategy might seem dated due to the emergence of new technology, however, an effective billboard is noticed “…about 80 percent of American consumers started noticing a billboard ad.” (Guttmann, 2022). When implementing a billboard marketing solution, there are many factors regarding price, beginning with the specific type of billboard; classic, digital, or mobile (Indeed, 2022).

Depending on the location, the overall cost of a billboard can skyrocket. For example, in New York City’s Times Square, prices range anywhere from $10,000 to over $20,000 for just two weeks—whereas, in rural areas, a billboard can cost as low as $250 per month (Indeed, 2022).

Assuming we want to be in a metro area, not necessarily Times Square but not rural America, we can estimate a total of $1,675 per month for a classic billboard in Colorado (Kraus, 2022).

Strategic Partnership

The alternative marketing strategy I came up with for Audio Partners is to form a strategic partnership with a high fashion brand and utilize product placement of the wearables in a high fashion show for both menswear and womenswear shows. This partnership will be publicized by both Audio Partners and the fashion house to make it known to viewers that this is a collaboration.

The objective of this alternative marketing strategy would be to generate buzz through the press surrounding high fashion shows (LaunchMetrics Content Team, 2018), supermodels who carry fame and influence people (Bergman, 2013), publicity as these shows take place globally but most notably Paris Fashion Week, New York Fashion Week, London Fashion Week, andMilan Fashion Week (FashionUnited, n.d.), and the ability to establish a presence in menswear and womenswear through a strategic partnership (Fibre2Fashion, 2012).

A strategic partnership is an ideal strategy for Audio Partners because it provides public exposure (LaunchMetrics Content Team, 2018), diminishes stereotypes (Bergman, 2013), and celebrity endorsement through the supermodels’ influence (Bergman, 2013)—all being done while working with a designer that remains true to the Audio Partners brand identity(Fibre2Fashion).

Although we would not be able to measure success as effectively as a URL with tracking templates; it would still be possible through:

  • Noticing the virality of Audio Partners through the press and social media.
  • Following that, we start an initiative to break stereotypes in the fashion world.
  • If Audio Partners were to notice an increase in interest and conversions on the website.
Brand Ambassador

The last suggestion I would have for ACME would be to partake in is to find a brand ambassador structured as a long-term relationship. Influencer turned celebrity Emma Chamberlain currently has an ongoing partnership with Louis Vuitton and Cartier; “Every time anew collection that is presented in Paris, she is flown out and helps produce content for the brand as a spectator. She posts on her own channel, the Vuitton channel, and VOGUE’s Youtube channel. The videos consist of Chamberlain getting ready for the show, exploring Paris, Q&A’s about the show, and more.” (Regan, 2021).

Celebrity sponsorship pricing varies based on the influencers’ reach, the platforms used for promotion, the frequency, and the required effort they will have to put in. However, from the business side, it is crucial to pay attention to the ROI, “if you invest $1,000 in your influencer marketing campaign and get back $7,000, that’s a good return. If you spend $1,000 and get back $2,000, you may decide that another marketing channel gets you a better return.” (Geyser, 2021).

A brand ambassador on a platform like Instagram with a large following will be about $10,000 per post (Geyser, 2021). We can find a niche celebrity that works within this budget, who also has a good ROI, and plan to do this monthly for the new products Audio Partners offers.

Process

The order in which these strategies will be implemented is in the order of websitedevelopment, search engine marketing, billboard, strategic partnership, and, lastly, brandambassador. Following is an ideal schedule for the pace at which these tactics are implemented.

Schedule

Website Development

Completed 90-days Before the Product Launch

Search Engine Marketing – SEM

2-weeks Leading up to the Product Launch

Billboard

6-months After Product Launch

Strategic Partnership

12-months After Product Launch

Brand Ambassador

18-months After Product Launch

Control

Tracking as much data as possible when developing a marketing plan is essential, especially when evaluating and monitoring an effort’s success. The data shows us which strategies are effective and which are not. The first is a channel metric; a channel metric is the mediums in which you market a product or service, such as email, websites, and social media platforms (Colorado State University Global, 2022, 7.1). The next component is performance metrics, “Performance metrics measure things like convergence, customer retention, and engagement.” (Colorado State University Global, 2022, 7.1).

Evaluate

Key Performance Indicators – KPIs

Key performance indicators are “a quantifiable measure of performance over time for a specific objective” (Qlik, n.d.,a). The 4 KPIs I chose for this strategy are active users on the website, total revenue, customer acquisition cost, and customer lifetime value.Tracking the number of active users on the website will allow us to notice trends overtime, including increases and decreases in website traffic (Startup Info Team, 2021).Total revenue is one of the most important aspects of a business. It is crucial for marketing to track revenue week-over-week, month-over-month, and year-over-year to spot seasonality trends and make sure the marketing efforts and conversions are improving company health (Qlik, n.d.,b).

It is important to track customer acquisition cost as a key performance indicator because it affects profit margins and can decrease the value a customer adds to the business (Qlik, n.d.,b).For example, if you spend $200 to get a customer and they only spend $100, that is a loss for the company.

Customer lifetime value is essential because it gives the company insight into its customer retention and allows us to determine an ideal customer acquisition cost based on the lifetime value the customer will provide to the company. This data will also enable the company to see the purchasing frequency of its customers (Qlik, n.d.,b).

Monitor

Audio Partners will be able to monitor various channels through performance metrics.For example, if the tracks chosen are Google Ads, email, and social media.

The performance metrics for Google Ads are conversion rate, cost per conversion, and return on ad spend. These metrics will ensure the company has well-performing advertisements that are highly targeted and converting, as well as tell the company how much it’s making in relation to how much it is spending on ads (Amazon Ads).

The performance metrics for an email strategy are email opens, link clicks, and unsubscribe rate. These metrics allow the company insight into how consumers engage and interact with the company (Amazon Ads). It answers the company’s questions, “are people interested in what we have to say?” and “are people engaging with what we say?”.

The performance metrics for social media are follower count, engagement rate, and impressions/reach. These metrics tell Audio Partners if people are interested in regularly seeing the company online and how customers like the content, allowing insight into how to strategize for future posts, such as videos, pictures, text, etc. (Amazon Ads).

Channel

Performance Metrics

Search Engine Marketing – SEM

  • Conversion Rate
  • Cost per Conversion
  • Return on Ad Spend – ROAS

Email Marketing

  • Email Opens
  • Link Clicks
  • Unsubscribe Rate

Social Media Marketing

  • Follower Count
  • Engagement Rate
  • Impressions
  • Reach

References

Amazon Ads. (2021, April 15). The Importance of Marketing Metrics in Digital Advertising. Amazon Ads.

Bergman, R. (2013, July 16). The Wild Ones: The Undeniable, Indelible Influence of the ’90s Supermodels Returns to the Runways. Fashion Magazine.

Colorado State University Global. (n.d.). Audio Partners Master Document. Colorado State University Global.

FashionUnited. (n.d.). Fashion Weeks Around the World. FashionUnited.

Fibre2Fashion. (2012, April). Do Strategic Alliances Really Work? Fibre2Fashion.

Guttmann, A. (2022, March 21). Out-of-home Advertising - Statistics & Facts. Statista.

Indeed. (2022). How Much Does a Billboard Cost? Indeed.

Kraus, E. (2022, September 13). How Much Does a Billboard Cost in 2022? Fit Small Business.

LaunchMetrics Content Team. (2018, February 8). Runway Shows: The Importance of the Experience in Today’s Media Stories. LaunchMetrics.

Leonard, K. (2018, August 14). The Four Ps in Marketing Strategy. Chron.

Unbounce. (2022). Grow Your Business with Unbounce. Unbounce.

UpTop Team. (2022). How Much Does It Cost to Redesign a Website in 2022? UpTop.

MedlinePlus. (2017, October 1). Age Related Hearing Loss. MedlinePlus.

Patel, S. (2021, January 29). A Complete Guide to Successful Brand Positioning. HubSpot.

Riani, A. (2021, June 8). The Invisible Exponential Growth Drivers in Startups and Entrepreneurship. Forbes.

Startup Info Team. (2021). Why Website Traffic is Important for Your Small Business. Startup
Info.  

Qlik. (n.d.,a). What is a KPI? Qlik.

Qlik. (n.d.,b). Marketing KPIs. Qlik.

WebFX. (2022). How Much do SEM Services Cost in 2022? WebFX.

Valuation Strategy

Business Valuations

Business valuations are a crucial part of any business to internal and external stakeholders. However, "For startups with little or no revenue or profits and less-than-certain futures, the job of assigning a valuation is particularly tricky." (McClure, 2022). There are many different approaches to valuing a business. Some of these methods include the

  • Berkus Method (Brex, n.d.), and
  • Cost-to-Duplicate Method (McClure, 2022).

Berkus Method

The best valuation model for Audio Partners is the Berkus Method (Brex, n.d.). The Berkus Method allows a pre-revenue business to calculate a business valuation, and "The idea is to assign dollar amounts to five key success metrics found in early-stage startups." (Brex, n.d.) and "The simple formula helps founders and investors avoid faulty valuations based on projected revenues, which few new businesses meet in the expected period." (Brex, n.d.).

This valuation will allow Audio Partners to achieve a fair valuation by incorporating market standards for different metrics as opposed to projected sales (Colorado State University Global, n.d.a.) which will allow Audio Partners to remain realistic. This model will also enable Audio Partners stakeholders to stay flexible with funding and creditors through the valuation while remaining hopeful and cautiously optimistic about the anticipated growth of Audio Partners in the early stages.

Cost-to-Duplicate Method

The highest valuation approach for Audio Partners is the Cost-to-Duplicate method (McClure, 2022). The Cost-to-Duplicate method is straightforward, and "…this approach involves calculating how much it would cost to build another company just like it from scratch." (McClure, 2022).

The Cost-to-Duplicate method is the best approach to achieving a high business valuation because "The idea is that a smart investor wouldn't pay more than it would cost to duplicate." (McClure, 2022). This high valuation approach will allow Audio Partners to secure capital from investors during fundraising and utilize lines of credit or loans from creditors when needed.

More Appropriate Models

While the Berkus Method (Brex, n.d.) is the overall best valuation model for Audio Partners, the Cost-to-Duplicate method provides the highest valuation approach for Audio Partners, which is beneficial for fundraising or securing lines of credit or loans (McClure, 2022). Som ealternate valuation models that would also be appropriate for Audio Partners are, the

  • Market Multiplier model, and
  • Discounted Cash Flow model (McClure, 2022).

Valuation Model Compatibility

While there are many different models when valuing a business, they may not all be applicable or the best fit for a specific company. Some of these other models include but are not limited to, the

  • Equity Valuation Model
  • Discounted Cash Flow
  • Sales Multiple, and
  • Residual Operating Income Model.

Equity Valuation Model

An enterprise value can be calculated through the share price (CFI Team, 2022a) and incorporates a company's market capitalization or equity value (CFI Team, 2022b). An Equity Valuation Model is based on the company's equity regarding shareholder's equity.

Enterprise Value Equation

LOREM IPSUM EQUATION

Equity Valuation Model Equation

LOREM IPSUM EQUATION

The Equity Valuation Model is suitable for Audio Partners because they issue stock to investors, both preferred and common shares (Colorado State University Global, n.d.a); as stock is required for a valuation, the market sets the value of an enterprise.

Discounted Cash Flow

The Discounted Cash Flow model is the most commonly used business valuation method, and the primary focus is on the business's income rather than shareholder profits (Colorado State University Global, n.d.b) which "…determines the current value of an investment based on the projections of how much money the company will generate in the future." (Colorado State University Global, n.d.b).

While the Discounted Cash Flow method is the most commonly used model when determining a business valuation, it does not come without limitations due to the required assumptions. These assumptions include estimating future cash flows and discount rates while relying on many external factors, such as the

  • Economy
  • Market demand
  • Threats and opportunities that arise (Colorado State University Global, n.d.b).

Overall, the discounted cash flow method makes it possible to determine valuations by "…calculating the present value of expected cash flows to shareholders and the free cash flow to equity." (Colorado State University Global, n.d.b), and I would say this method would be compatible for Audio Partners due to the nature of being based on future cash flows. Audio Partners may appear overvalued due to their ambitious financial projections (Colorado State University Global, n.d.c).

Rule of Thumb

LOREM IPSUM TABLE

Sales Multiple

The Sales Multiple valuation method can be used when a business's EBITDA is negative or unavailable, which can be helpful when researching potential firms to acquire and only sales figures are available online (Patel, 2021). A valuation using the Sales Multiple method is calculated by,

Revenue Multiplier Equation

LOREM IPSUM EQUATION

A limitation of this method is that it can be argued it is not all-encompassing of all aspects of the business due to sales simply being a benchmark. In contrast, some would say that it is not merely a benchmark but that total sales is the most crucial benchmark (Patel, 2021).            

The Sales Multiple method would work for Audio Partners by taking the industry revenue multiplier and sales. However, if a startup is pre-revenue, it may be feasible to utilize projected sales.

Residual Operating Income Model

The Residual Operating Income Model "is based on the theory that a company's stock is valued by the present value of future residual incomes."(Colorado State University Global, n.d.b) and is most suitable when valuing the stock of a mature company that does not issue dividends or are not generating positive cash flows yet (Colorado State University Global, n.d.b).

Residual income is the net income after accounting for all shareholders' opportunity costs in that income generation.

"To determine residual income, first start with net income, which is reported on the Income Statement as sales revenue minus the cost of goods sold and expenses, including selling, general and administrative expenses, depreciation, amortization, interest expense, and taxes. Equity capital, or funds paid into a business by investors in exchange for stock, is deducted from net income." (Colorado State University Global, n.d.b).
Residual Operating Income Equation

LOREM IPSUM EQUATION

The main limitation of the Residual Operating Income model is that it is solely generated on future-based assumptions that have an inherent bias and can be manipulated easily (Colorado State University Global, n.d.b). This valuation would work for Audio Partners' business and promote a high valuation due to the lofty goals because this model considers future assumptions without realizing historical data; this is important to note because Audio Partners is a startup and not having historical data.

Conclusion

As you can tell, there are many ways a business or its investors can so simply manipulate its valuation by choosing a different valuation model. The best valuation model is the Berkus Method (Brex, n.d.), and the highest valuation model approach is the Cost-to-Duplicate method (McClure, 2022)

Some of the other valuation models that would apply to Audio Partners include, the

  • Market Multiplier Model,
  • Discounted Cash Flow Method, and
  • Residual Operating Income Model.

References

Brex.(n.d.). How to do a Startup Valuation Using 8 Different Methods. Brex.

CFI Team. (2022a, November 26). Enterprise Value (EV). CFI: Corporate Financial Institute.

CFITeam. (2022b, November 28). Equity Value. CFI: Corporate Financial Institute.

CFITeam. (2022c, December 15). Enterprise Value to Revenue Multiple. CFI: Corporate Financial Institute.

Colorado State University Global. (n.d.a). Audio Partners Master Document. Canvas.

Colorado State University Global. (n.d.b). Audio Partners Projections. Canvas.

Colorado State University Global.(n.d.c). Module 7: Approaches to Business Valuation — Lecture. Canvas.  

Hayes, A. (2022, March 19). Valuing a Company: Business Valuation Defined With 6 Methods. Investopedia.

McClure, B. (2022, November 23). Valuing Startup Ventures. Investopedia.

Nguyen, J. (2022, February 19). How to Choose the Best Stock Valuation Method. Investopedia.

Patel, K. (2021, November 9). A Review of Business Valuation Methods Available to Buyers. Deal Room by M&A Science.

Wall Street Prep. (n.d.). Revenue Multiple: Guide to Understanding the Revenue Multiple. Wall Street Prep.

Financial Policy

Purpose

This financial policy will aid in ensuring the effective and efficient use of Audio Partners’ financial resources (Propel Nonprofits, n.d.). This policy outlines the financial procedures and responsibilities to ensure regulatory compliance with accounting best practices, reduce the risk of financial fraud, and safeguard the company’s and its employees’ economic well-being.

Division of Duties

Audio Partners employees are to operate within their assigned duties to ensure “no single individual is in a position to authorize, record, and be in the custody of a financial transaction and the resulting asset.” (Kenton, 2022).

  • The CEO of Audio Partners is responsible for overseeing the overall health and strategy of the company (Hayes, 2022a),
  • The CFO is responsible for managing all financial operations (Grant, 2021), and
  • The accounting staff is responsible for recording and reporting financial transactions accurately and timely (Colorado State University Global, n.d.).

All employees must remember that an authorized Audio Partners employee must review and approve all financial transactions.

Authorizations

At Audio Partners, some employees are approved to authorize specific financial transactions dependent on the monetary value to maintain operational efficiency while carefully managing cash flows.

  • Department heads may approve all transactions up to $10,000.
  • The CFO may approve all transactions up to $25,000; and
  • The CEO must also approve transactions exceeding $25,000.

In addition to the approval process, all authorizations must be documented and recorded within the Audio Partners financial system.

Receipt/Disbursement Procedures

All receipts and disbursements must be documented and recorded in the financial system. All payments must be:

  • Approved by an authorized Audio Partners employee; and
  • Paid through check or electronic transfer.

Payroll

Payroll must be processed bi-weekly to ensure all Audio Partners employees’ economic well-being and financial security. All employees must be set up in the Audio Partners’ payroll system before they receive their first paycheck. The CFO and the CEO must authorize changes to an employee’s pay or personal information. Audio Partners’ payroll staff will consider payroll taxes and other deductions that must be calculated and processed by the end of the current payroll period.

New Vendors

The CFO, CEO, and respective department heads must approve a new vendor before any purchases; the vendor must be set up in the Audio Partners’ financial system before any payments can be made. All vendor invoices must match the purchase order and be approved before payment. Any changes to vendor information must be authorized and approved by the CFO and the CEO.

A vendor is also not to be informed of confidential corporate information without explicit approval from the CFO and CEO and a signed non-disclosure agreement. This guideline stands for any vendors or potential vendors who will meet with Audio Partners virtually or in person.

Inventory Policy

Inventory must be tracked in the Audio Partners’ inventory management system, and a physical inventory count must be conducted annually and reconciled to the financial system. Any discrepancies must be investigated and resolved. A reorder point and quantity must be set for each item in inventory to ensure adequate inventory levels. Continued compliance with this policy allows Audio Partners to forecast purchasing behaviors of customers, as well as internal usage of raw materials for the procurement team (Hayes, 2022b).

Conclusion

This financial policy is designed to ensure that Audio Partners” financial resources are used efficiently and effectively (SmartBiz Team, 2019). By following this policy, Audio Partners will maintain accurate financial records, reduce the risk of financial fraud, and ensure regulatory compliance with accounting best practices (Propel Nonprofits, n.d.). This policy helps to protect employees from any financial threats and risks present without these guidelines.

References

Colorado State University Global. (n.d.). 22WC-MBA530-2: Financial Decision Making Modules. Canvas.

Grant, M. (2021, August 22). What Is a Chief Financial Officer (CFO)? Role & Responsibilities. Investopedia.

Hayes, A. (2022a, June 22). Chief Executive Officer (CEO): What They Do vs. Other Chief Roles. Investopedia.

Hayes, A. (2022b, December 7). Inventory Management Defined, Plus Methods and Techniques. Investopedia.

Kenton, W. (2022, December 16). Internal Controls: Definition, Types, and Importance. Investopedia.

Propel Nonprofits. (n.d.). Financial Policy Guidelines and Example. Propel Nonprofits.

SmartBiz Team. (2019, May 24). 5 Most Important Financial Policies and Procedures for Small Business. SmartBiz.

Operations and Supply Chains

Introduction

Audio Partners is a company that operates in the audio equipment manufacturing and distribution industry. Audio Partners has proposed a continuous improvement approach to enhance its operations as part of its growth strategy. I aim to evaluate Audio Partners’ proposed approach from an operations lens. My evaluation will include an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the process and a review of the theoretical frameworks that inform it. I will also present an ongoing improvement program that applies operations management and efficiency theories to address quality, cost, and delivery. The proposed program adopts Total Quality Management, Lean Six Sigma, and just-in-time approaches to enhance quality, reduce costs, and improve delivery. By implementing a solid internal processes program, Audio Partners can achieve its continuous improvement objectives and strengthen its competitiveness in the market.

Critique and Evaluation of the Proposed Approach

The proposed approach by Audio Partners is commendable, as it addresses critical areas that affect Audio Partners’ operations. However, the plan lacks specific details on implementing, monitoring, and evaluating measures. The following sections will detail a continuous improvement program that applies theories learned in the course.

While Audio Partners’ proposed approach to continuous improvement has some merit, several weaknesses must be addressed. Firstly, the approach lacks a clear focus on the customer. Audio Partners’ primary goal is to create a product that appeals to younger generations. Still, there is no mention of how Audio Partners plans to gather customer feedback or how Audio Partners will use the feedback to improve the product.

Secondly, the proposed approach is too broad and lacks specificity. While Audio Partners has identified several essential practices, such as continuous training and education, employee empowerment, and process improvement, the proposed approach has not provided specific details on how these practices will be implemented or measured. Audio Partners’ lack of specificity could confuse employees and hinder Audio Partners’ ability to achieve its goals.

Lastly, the proposed approach does not address the Audio Partners’ supply chain or manufacturing capabilities. While Audio Partners has identified the need to establish product manufacturing capability, the team has not provided any details on how Audio Partners plans to achieve production or ensure its efficient and reliable supply chain.

Continuous Improvement Program

The presented continuous improvement program applies the theories learned in the course to address quality, cost, and delivery issues at Audio Partners and rectify the weaknesses in the existing continuous improvement approach by adopting fundamental principles such as customer-centricity, specificity, and a focus on supply chain and manufacturing capabilities.

By prioritizing the customer’s needs and preferences, the program seeks to improve the quality of products and services while reducing costs. Furthermore, the program’s specific and measurable objectives provide clarity and direction for the improvement efforts. Finally, the program’s focus on improving supply chain and manufacturing capabilities enables Audio Partners to enhance its operations and optimize its resources for better delivery performance. A new ongoing improvement program offers a comprehensive and strategic approach to continuous improvement that can drive Audio Partners toward sustainable success.

Quality

The Fabrication Team will complete a final quality check, including an audio test on the first 10% of the day’s production. Rebecca will fix faulty products, and customers may return some; however, defective products will be replaced under warranty if necessary. (Colorado State University Global, n.d.). To improve quality, Audio Partners can adopt the Total Quality Management approach, which is a management approach that aims to ensure that products and services meet customer requirements (Gillis & Pratt, 2023).

Total Quality Management emphasizes the involvement of all employees in the quality improvement process, continuous improvement, and the use of statistical methods to measure quality (Gillis & Pratt, 2023). Audio Partners’ must follow steps during the implementation of Total Quality Management.

Firstly, when establishing a quality management team, members should include representatives from all departments to ensure cross-functional alignment—secondly, the development of a quality policy that emphasizes customer satisfaction and continuous improvement.

Thirdly, Audio Partners must build a quality control plan that outlines the processes and procedures.

Fourthly, all employees must undergo training in quality control and statistical methods.

Fifthly, Audio Partners must establish a quality measurement system that tracks key quality metrics such as defect rate and customer satisfaction.

Finally, it is necessary to regularly review and improve the quality management system to ensure its continued effectiveness and relevance.

By adopting these steps, Audio Partners can enhance its quality management practices and deliver superior products and services to its customers.

Cost

Audio Partners can adopt the Lean Six Sigma approach, which is a methodology that aims to eliminate waste and improve quality (Kumar, 2023) to reduce costs. Lean Six Sigma combines the Lean approach, which focuses on eliminating waste, with the Six Sigma approach, which focuses on enhancing quality. By implementing the following steps, Audio Partners can apply the Lean Six Sigma methodology to optimize its production process and reduce costs (Kumar, 2023).

First, Audio Partners must conduct a value stream mapping exercise to identify waste and inefficiencies in production. Audio Partners must then develop a cost reduction plan that prioritizes the elimination of waste identified in the value stream mapping exercise.

Next, Audio Partners must train all employees on Lean Six Sigma tools and techniques to foster a culture of continuous improvement.

Next, establishing a cost measurement system that tracks key metrics such as material and labor costs to monitor the effectiveness of the cost reduction plan.

Finally, regularly reviewing and improving the cost reduction plan to ensure its continued relevance and effectiveness. By adopting these steps, Audio Partners can streamline its operations, reduce costs, and deliver higher-quality products and services to its customers (Kumar, 2023).

Applying Lean Six Sigma principles can enable Audio Partners to create a more efficient and cost-effective production process, contributing to the organization’s long-term success.

Delivery

Audio Partners must improve logistics to satisfy delivery as they have already considered delivery disruptions (Colorado State University Global, n.d.). Audio Partners must incorporate the just-in-time approach, a manufacturing strategy aiming to produce products just in time for delivery. Just-in-time reduces inventory costs and improves delivery times (Banton, 2023). Just-in-time is a lean manufacturing approach that emphasizes delivering products to customers just in time to meet their demands (Banton, 2023). To apply just-in-time principles effectively, Audio Partners can implement the following steps.

First, establish a delivery management team comprising all department representatives to ensure effective coordination and communication. Second, develop a delivery policy emphasizing on-time delivery and continuous improvement to create a customer-centric culture.

Third, develop a delivery plan that outlines the processes and procedures for delivery, including identifying critical bottlenecks in the supply chain.

Fourth, train all employees on delivery management and use just-in-time tools and techniques such as Kanban and flow management to enhance delivery efficiency and effectiveness (Banton, 2023).

Fifth, establish a delivery measurement system that tracks key metrics such as delivery lead time and accuracy to monitor performance and identify areas for improvement.

Finally, regularly review and improve the delivery management system to ensure its effectiveness and relevance. By applying these just-in-time principles, Audio Partners can enhance its delivery performance, reduce lead times, minimize inventory costs, and improve customer satisfaction (Collier & Evans, 2017).

Customer Focus

Due to today’s competitive market, understanding customers’ needs is crucial for business success. “What we would like to do is arrange things in such a way that prospective customers can make the determination, and tune audio earrings all for themselves, and without any need for fitting at all.” (Colorado StateUniversity Global, n.d., pg. 13), Audio Partners must implement a customer feedback program to ensure customer satisfaction and loyalty. A customer feedback program will require a systematic approach to gathering, analyzing,and acting on feedback (Gitlin, n.d.).

First, Audio Partners should identify the appropriate methods for gathering feedback, such as surveys, focus groups,or customer interviews. Once feedback is collected, the company must carefully analyze the data to identify patterns and areas for improvement (Gitlin, n.d.).

Customer feedback analysis can involve statistical methods, such as regression or factor analysis, to identify critical drivers of customer satisfaction.Based on the analysis results, Audio Partners can make informed decisions about product design, development, and customer service. Additionally, the program should involve a feedback loop where customers are informed about how the feedback led to improvements. By implementing a robust customer feedback program, Audio Partners can enhance customer satisfaction, reduce customer churn, and gain a competitive advantage in the hearing aid market (Gitlin, n.d.).

Supply Chain and Manufacturing Capabilities

Ensuring the effectiveness of Audio Partners’ continuous improvement efforts requires establishing specific and measurablegoals that align with the company’s strategic objectives (Twin, 2023). An ongoing improvement program will require developing a set of key performance indicators that track progress toward these goals. An analysis of the company’s current performance and areas for improvement should set the key performance indicators. Progress reports must be shared with all employees to ensure everyone knows the company’s objectives and their role in achieving them. Specificity will also involve identifying improvement initiatives, such as reducing manufacturing costs, improving supply chain efficiency, and increasing product quality (Twin, 2023).

Strategic initiatives should be based on their potential impact on the company’s overall performance and implemented using a structured approach such as Lean Six Sigma (Kumar, 2023). Regularly evaluating the program’s success is vital to adjust goals to ensure that Audio Partners continually improves and meets its customers’ needs.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Audio Partners’ proposed approach to continuous improvement has strengths and weaknesses. I have presented a comprehensive ongoing improvement program that addresses critical areas such as quality, cost, and delivery.

The proposed approach combines Total Quality Management, Lean Six Sigma, and just-in-time strategies, providing a structured and strategic framework for Audio Partners to achieve its objectives. The program emphasizes customer-centricity, specificity, and a focus on supply chain and manufacturing capabilities to improve the quality of products and services, reduce costs, and enhance delivery performance. By implementing a solid internal processes program that fosters a culture of continuous improvement, Audio Partners can achieve its goals and remain competitive in the hearing aid market and remains crucial for Audio Partners to regularly review and improve the program to ensure its continued effectiveness and relevance (Collier & Evans, 2017).

With the right approach, Audio Partners can leverage continuous improvement to drive its growth, profitability, and long-term success.

References

Banton, C. (2023, March 14). Just-in-time (JIT): Definition, Example, and Pros & Cons. Investopedia.

Colorado State University Global. (n.d.). 23SA-MBA540-2: Managing Operations and Supply Chains Modules. Canvas.

Collier, D. A., & Evans, J. R. (2017). OM6. Cengage.

Gillis, A. S., & Pratt, M. K. (2023, April). Total Quality Management (TQM). Tech Target.

Gitlin, J. (n.d.). The Ultimate Guide to Running a Customer Feedback Program. Survey Monkey.

Hayes, A. (2023, March 28). The Supply Chain: From Raw Materials to Order Fulfillment. Investopedia.

Kumar, P. (2023, May 10). What is Six Sigma: Everything You Need to Know About It? Simpli Learn. https://www.simplilearn.com/what-is-six-sigma-a-complete-overview-article

Twin, A. (2023, May 10). Key Performance Indicator (KPI): Definition, Types, and Examples. Investopedia.

Data Strategy

Introduction

Companies rely on data-driven insights to make informed decisions and develop effective strategies in today’s competitive business landscape. Audio Partners, a prominent audio technology company, recently conducted a comprehensive market survey to gain valuable insights into their target audience. Through this essay, I aim to analyze the collected data, including demographics, psychographics, product usage data, and media habits. By examining this information, we will address the Audio Partners team’s critical questions regarding market segmentation, consumer preferences, motivations, lifestyles, hearing loss impact, fashion trends, health considerations, barriers to adoption, revenue potential, and demographic targeting. This analysis, in alignment with the insights from the joint session on Digital & Data Analytics and AI Strategy featuring Dr. Darya Amiri and Dr. Jeffrey Lee, will provide Audio Partners with valuable insights to refine their product offerings and develop effective marketing strategies, aligning their efforts with the needs and preferences of their target audience.

Consolidation of Data into Useful Market Segments

To begin the analysis, we will consolidate the data from the Audio Partners Survey and Census Data file to identify meaningful market segments. By applying statistical techniques such as clustering or factor analysis, we can group individuals based on similarities in demographics, psychographics, and product usage data. This segmentation will facilitate targeted marketing efforts and improve resource allocation for Audio Partners. By effectively identifying distinct market segments, the company can tailor their strategies and offerings to meet each segment’s unique needs and preferences.

Identification of Target Groups

Once Audio Partners establishes its market segments, it is crucial to determine which groups are most likely to buy Audio Partners’ products. By analyzing purchase behavior and preferences within each segment, we can identify the groups that align closely with the company’s target market. The market segment information enables the Audio Partners team to focus its marketing efforts on the most promising customer segments, improving the chances of capturing a larger market share and driving revenue growth.

Understanding Purchase Motivations

Understanding the identified target groups’ purchase motivations is essential to develop effective marketing messages and value propositions. We can ascertain the factors influencing consumers’ choices by analyzing survey responses related to purchase decision drivers. This knowledge will allow Audio Partners to tailor their product features, pricing strategies, and marketing messages to resonate with their target audience, enhancing their offerings’ perceived value and appeal.

Personae

Understanding the personae of the target audience is a crucial step in crafting effective marketing campaigns. We can create comprehensive profiles of the target groups by examining survey responses such as lifestyles, attitudes, activities, interests, and values. This section will delve deeper into each aspect of personae, shedding light on the diverse characteristics and preferences of the identified market segments.

Lifestyles

Analyzing survey data related to lifestyles allows us to understand the target audience’s daily routines, habits, and behaviors. By examining factors such as work-life balance, social activities, and leisure pursuits, we can identify patterns and preferences influencing their decision-making process. This knowledge will help Audio Partners tailor their marketing messages to resonate with the lifestyle choices of their customers.

Attitudes

Survey responses provide valuable insights into the attitudes and perceptions of the target audience. By understanding their beliefs, opinions, and preferences, Audio Partners can develop messaging that aligns with their customers’ values. Whether focusing on sustainability, technology adoption, or personal well-being, incorporating the right attitudes into marketing strategies will enhance customer engagement and brand affinity.

Activities

Examining the activities that resonate with the target audience allows Audio Partners to identify opportunities for product integration or partnerships. By understanding their activities regularly, such as sports, hobbies, or cultural events, Audio Partners can align their brand with these activities, creating a stronger connection with their customers. This analysis will guide the company in developing marketing campaigns that resonate with its customers’ interests and passions.

Interests

The survey data provides insights into the specific interests and preferences of the target audience. Audio Partners can tailor their product offerings to align with these interests by identifying their hobbies, entertainment preferences, and areas of curiosity. This understanding allows the company to develop targeted marketing strategies that capture the attention of its customers and differentiate its products from competitors.

Values

Audio Partners should examine the target audience’s values and tailor efforts toward those to foster meaningful customer connections. By identifying shared values such as sustainability, social responsibility, or innovation, Audio Partners can position their brand as one that aligns with the core beliefs of their customers. This alignment fosters trust and loyalty, as customers are likelier to choose brands that reflect their values.

By thoroughly examining the personae of the target audience, Audio Partners will gain a comprehensive understanding of their customers’ lifestyles, attitudes, activities, interests, and values. This knowledge will empower the company to develop marketing campaigns that resonate with its target audience, creating stronger connections, fostering brand loyalty, and driving business growth.

Impact of Hearing Loss on Lifestyle

A key aspect of Audio Partners’ offerings is addressing hearing loss. Therefore, it is essential to understand how hearing loss disrupts the target audience’s lifestyle. By analyzing survey data related to the impact of hearing loss, Audio Partners can identify the specific challenges faced by their customers. This knowledge will guide the development of innovative products and services that address the unique needs of individuals with hearing loss, improving their quality of life and satisfaction.

Purchase Motivations

Understanding consumer motivations is essential for Audio Partners to develop effective marketing strategies. In this section, we will analyze survey responses related to appearance, fashion, and health considerations to gain insights into the factors influencing purchase decisions within the target audience. Audio Partners can tailor their marketing messages and product offerings by examining how these motivations impact consumer choices, enhancing their competitive edge and attracting a larger customer base. 

Appearance

The survey data sheds light on the importance of appearance in the purchasing decisions of the Audio Partners’ target audience. By understanding the significance of visual aesthetics, Audio Partners can design products that provide superior audio quality and meet the customers’ desire for stylish and visually appealing accessories. This knowledge will allow Audio Partners to position its products as a seamless blend of functionality and fashion, appealing to consumers who value audio performance and appearance.

Fashion

Examining the influence of fashion trends on the target audience’s purchase decisions will provide valuable insights for Audio Partners. By understanding the degree to which consumers prioritize staying current with fashion trends, the team can develop marketing strategies highlighting their products’ fashionable aspects. Further analysis into fashion-based motivations enables Audio Partners to position its offerings as trendy and stylish audio accessories, appealing to customers who seek products that align with their fashion-forward lifestyles.

Health Considerations

The survey responses also provide insights into the importance of health and wellness considerations in the purchasing decisions of the target audience. Understanding how much consumers prioritize health-related features, such as comfort, ergonomics, and hearing wellness. Audio Partners can emphasize these aspects in their product offerings and marketing messages, enabling the company to position its products to support the customers’ overall well-being.

Audio Partners can understand the factors that drive consumer purchasing decisions by analyzing the motivations for appearance, fashion, and health considerations. This knowledge will guide the company in developing marketing strategies highlighting their products’ aesthetic appeal, fashionable attributes, and health benefits. By aligning their offerings with these motivations, Audio Partners can enhance their competitive advantage, attract a larger customer base, and position themselves as a preferred choice for individuals seeking audio excellence and products that align with their personal preferences and values.

Barriers to Adoption

The Audio Partners team must identify and understand the barriers to adoption is crucial for Audio Partners to effectively address potential customers’ concerns and promote wider adoption of their products. In this section, I will examine survey data on non-users to investigate whether the primary barriers to adoption are related to cost or appearance. Audio Partners can further develop strategies to overcome these barriers and expand the customer base and market reach through the insights.

Cost

Analyzing survey responses from non-users will provide valuable insights into the role of cost as a barrier to adopting hearing aids. By understanding the financial considerations that deter potential customers from purchasing hearing aids, Audio Partners can develop pricing strategies, payment plans, or alternative financing options that make their products more accessible and affordable. This analysis will enable the team to address the cost concerns of potential customers and position their products as a valuable investment in improving hearing health.

Appearance

Examining the influence of appearance as a barrier to adoption will help Audio Partners understand how potential customers perceive the aesthetics of traditional hearing aids. By analyzing survey data, the company can identify specific concerns related to the appearance of hearing aids, such as their visibility or stigmatization. With this knowledge, Audio Partners can design and market their products as stylish and discreet alternatives to conventional hearing aids. This strategic approach will help overcome appearance-related barriers and appeal to individuals who prioritize audio performance and a visually appealing aesthetic.

Audio Partners can develop targeted strategies to address both concerns and remove obstacles that prevent potential customers from adopting their products by analyzing the barriers to adoption related to cost and appearance. Audio Partners can effectively expand its customer base and market reach by addressing cost concerns through pricing strategies and alternative payment options and addressing appearance-related barriers by designing and marketing stylish and discreet alternatives. Audio Partners teams must position the company as a provider of accessible and visually appealing audio solutions, appealing to a broader range of i

Revenue Potential of Target Groups

Estimating the revenue potential of target groups is critical to know where the value lives. Evaluating the potential revenue associated with each target group allows Audio Partners to assess the attractiveness of different segments. This analysis considers factors such as each group’s size, purchasing power, and propensity to buy audio products. By understanding the revenue potential, Audio Partners can prioritize their marketing efforts and allocate resources effectively, maximizing profitability and return on investment.

Demographic Targeting

Understanding the demographic characteristics of the target audience is essential for Audio Partners. Demographic targeting requires tailoring marketing strategies and developing personalized campaigns that resonate with various groups. This section will explore whether the identified market segments are effectively addressable through age, income level, or self-identified gender targeting. Audio Partners can refine its marketing strategies, optimize marketing efforts, and improve customer engagement by examining the relationship between demographic variables and consumer preferences.

Age

Analyzing the relationship between age and consumer preferences provides insights into different age groups’ needs and preferences. By understanding the purchasing behaviors, motivations, and product preferences of different age segments, Audio Partners can develop age-specific marketing campaigns that effectively communicate the value and benefits of their products to each group. This strategic approach allows the company to tailor its messaging and product positioning to resonate with the unique needs and preferences of different age demographics.

Income Level

Examining the relationship between income level and consumer preferences enables Audio Partners to understand their products’ affordability and value perception across different income segments. By identifying the income levels at which their products are most attractive, Audio Partners can develop pricing strategies, promotional offers, and financing options that cater to the financial capabilities of their target audience, ensuring that the products are accessible to individuals across various income levels.

Self-identified Gender

Analyzing the relationship between self-identified gender and consumer preferences allows Audio Partners to identify gender-specific preferences and tailor marketing messages accordingly. Understanding the unique needs, interests, and motivations of different genders empowers the company to create targeted campaigns that speak directly to the preferences of each group. This approach further enables Audio Partners to develop messaging, imagery, and product features that resonate with the self-identified gender of their target audience, enhancing customer engagement and promoting brand loyalty.

Overall, by exploring the demographic variables of age, income level, and self-identified gender with consumer preferences, Audio Partners can refine the marketing strategies and develop personalized campaigns that effectively target specific target groups. This approach ensures that the Audio Partners’ messaging, pricing, and product features align with the unique needs and preferences of different demographic segments, improving customer engagement and increasing the likelihood of conversion. Audio Partners can spend marketing dollars efficiently and achieve a competitive advantage in the audio technology market.

Conclusion

In conclusion, analyzing the Audio Partners market survey and census data provides valuable insights for the company’s digital and data analytics strategy. By addressing the critical questions related to market segmentation, consumer preferences, motivations, lifestyles, hearing loss impact, fashion trends, health considerations, barriers to adoption, revenue potential, and demographic targeting, the Audio Partners team can make informed decisions to refine product offerings and develop effective marketing strategies. By aligning the teams’ efforts with the needs and preferences of the target audience, Audio Partners can enhance customer satisfaction, drive business growth, and solidify their position in the competitive audio technology market.

References

Colorado State University Global. (n.d.). 23SC-MBA550-2: Data-Driven Decision Making Modules. Canvas.

Evans, J. (2019). Business Analytics: Methods, Models, and Decisions (3rd Edition). Pearson.

Strategic Plan

References

Colorado State University Global. (n.d.a.). Audio Partners’ Master Document. Canvas

Colorado State University Global. (n.d.b). MBA560: Developing and Leading Strategy – Lectures. Canvas.

HMG Creative. (2022, November 4). Guiding Principles: Laying the Tracks for your Business. HMG Creative.

Houston, M. (2021, March 4). The Importance of Revenue Diversification in Business. Forbes.

Santoro, G. (2019). Beyond Strategy: How to Compete in Dynamic Business Environments. G. Giappichelli Editore.